Economic Development in East Asia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Economic Development in East Asia - Essay Example Many countries started the modern economic growth post Second World War while some other countries chose to start them according to their preference. The biggest developer Japan decided to use the modern economy from 1985, where as china implemented it from 1980s. It followed the economy policy and preferred market economies over central economy. From then it has been a growing stage for each country as well as the East Asia as a whole. Globalization created so much impact on all the countries and only some could withstand the era of Globalization. East Asian countries did not face this problem. They were strong enough to accept and change towards globalization, and from then there has been a continuous growth in all the countries. As politics played a major role in the development of a country, many countries could not improve their economic standard immediately. They had to cooperate with the government and abide by their rules and regulations. The growth and development was seen in starting up new industries and inventing new things.(Nabende 2003). Import and Export underwent a transformation. Countries like Japan and China started to manufacture their own products instead of importing them from other foreign countries. This in turn resulted in exporting goods manufactured by them to the other countries. Manufacturing companies started to produce textiles, technological products and other industrial and home appliances. The shares of each country were based on their development and some of them had a tough time due to the massive improvement of China and Japan. (Sycip 1996).There was also a growth on the education and employment, which gradually improved the economy. After some years, the government started providing monetary support to the countries, which made the development easier. The trade and its market started to improve; import and export decided a countries role to develop other nations. Though East Asian countries were experiencing growth, in the 1980s there was a setback which the countries found it difficult to cope up with. Some of them reported zero growth and import and export were affected. This condition improved after years of struggle and fight. Japan was leading in the development stage and it faced a severe competition with the improvement of United States. The value of dollar and Yen kept in fluctuating. There was a tough competition between them. Financial Crisis Financial crisis disturbed and turned down the improvement of almost all the countries in the world. East Asian countries were the worst hit by the financial crisis. There was a drop in their currency value too. (Greenwood 2005).The U.S dollar continued to dominate and countries like Japan and China had their currencies floating. The recovery from this crisis took some time and improvement seemed to be tough. Due to this crisis, trading operations totally came to a halt. Countries with good economies could manage, where as smaller countries started to suffer. Investment went down and they found it difficult to tide over the situation. But then after sometime the countries started to recover and the recovery was rather a shock to the other countries. With the help of the government, countries gained financial support and their trading, import, export and investment seemed to improve. Trade assignments between the East Asian countr

A Salty High Essay Example for Free

A Salty High Essay I gazed there, looking among the horizon, a dawn sky brightened with the rising sun; waiting for the most unique peeler to form my way. Sitting on my 62 fiberglass surfboard, i was in awe at the beautiful lively nature that surrounded me. The ocean breeze sprayed against my face and the salty moisture in the air plastered to my dry lips. I noticed the seagulls in the distance, were soaring around a gigantic school of flounder, among the shallow waters of the sandbar. The tide was  demanding and it pulled me along south as I watched my towel on the beach, diminish. Surfing- its more than a weekend activity with the kids, or a successful football game; its a way of life, a lifestyle. Being encompassed by the most natural environment, can be so unwinding. Successfully maneuvering a wave takes concentration, superior balance, and no fear to a new rank. The natural high of surfing is as good a feeling as making an A on an exam [if not better]. The white water was breaking behind me and I was forced to move beyond it. I paddled as hard as I could, but progressed nowhere. Why, I pondered to myself, Why am I so weak? I slowly pushed to the furthest sandbar, where the waves were less trifling. Surfers: the tan, salt induced bodies of them all were in harmony with natures sea of sodium. The hard-core wave riders were off in the distance waiting for the sets, as I rode over the falls at the shallow cold sandbar. Becoming one with nature is the most rewarding feeling someone can experience. People have become so caught up in their daily routines, they dont allow themselves the good points in life. In the cool waters of the ocean are the people enjoying the high, the Salty High.

Macbeth tragic hero Essay -- essays research papers

Tragic Hero or Villain?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  MacBeth the play is considered a tragedy and every tragedy needs a tragic hero. There are many factors that caused the degeneration of Macbeth. Macbeth is not a villlian in this story he is a tragic hero. The major factor that started the downfall was the prophecy by the witches in Act 1, Scene 3.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The witches were praising Macbeth. The first witch said, â€Å"All hail, Macbeth! Hail to thee, Thane of Glamis!† The second witch said, â€Å" All hail, Macbeth! Hail to thee, Thane of Cawder!† The third witch said, â€Å"All hail, Macbeth! That shalt be King hereafter!† When Macbeth and Banquo are leaving the witches Banquo is told that he won’t be King but his son’s will be.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the middle of Act 1 scene 3, Ross tells Macbeth that the Thane of Cawdor is being executed and he will be taking his place. Now Macbeth believes the prophecy told by the witches. He hasn’t quite figured out how he will become King. One of the things that could have also contributed to Macbeth’s downfall is that he is too vulnerable and he believes everything that he hears. The witches corrupt Macbeth’s character and make him power hungry.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In Act 1, Scene 5 Macbeth wrote a letter to Lady Macbeth. Lady Macbeth has a crazy idea; the King is staying in their castle, giving Macbeth a chance to kill the King and become King. Lady Macbeth corrupts Macbeth even more by putting ideas...

Huckleberry Finn: hero or villain?

Originally developed in Spain, one of the various styles of writing used by authors is that of the picaresque novel, which involves a picaro, or rogue hero, usually on a journey, and incorporates an episodic plot through various conflicts. Mark Twain's novel, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (AHF), is a picaresque novel, marked by its episodic plot with a unifying theme of the river and the characterization of Huck Finn as a rogue hero. The novel's periodic plot is demonstrated by Huck's many adventures in separate episodes having independent conflicts. Gary Weiner, a former English teacher, states that â€Å"the picaresque novel is [†¦ episodic. Various scenes may have little to do with one another, and entire scenes may be removed without markedly altering the plot as a whole† (88). The conflicts that govern Huck's encounters with people like the dishonest and devious king and the duke, the Grangerford family, or Colonel Sherburn are very different and disconnected from one another. Whereas one episode involves two crooks, the duke and the king, the other involves a long-standing family feud between the Grangerford and Sheperdson families, and the third involves a Colonel defending his honor, with very little connection among the episodes. Tom Quirk, an author, editor, and English professor at the University of Missouri-Columbia, also purports that â€Å"Huckleberry Finn is a highly episodic book, and the arrangement of episodes observes no incontestable narrative logic. The feud chapters precede rather than follow the Boggs shooting not for self-evident artistic reasons but because we are to suppose that is the order in which Huck lived them† (97). The different conflicts exhibit the novel's picaresque style and are used to relate the story of a wandering rogue hero. Though the story's plot is episodic in nature, there is, however, a unifying factor of the river, shown through the conflict and water diction. John C. Gerber, a well-known Twain scholar, affirms in â€Å"Mark Twain: Overview† that though â€Å"episodic in nature, the story nevertheless holds together because of the river [and] the constant presence of Huck as narrator†. Every episode in the book takes place along the banks of the Mississippi River, as Huck and Jim travel down the mighty river, trying to find Cairo. From the crashed steamboat to the Royal Nonesuch spectacles along the riverside towns, the small conflicts are related by their proximity to the river. Leo Marx, Senior Lecturer and William R. Kenan Professor of American Cultural History Emeritus at MIT, cites T. S. Eliot, a poet and also another critic, in saying that â€Å"‘The River gives the book its form. But for the River, the book might be only a sequence of adventures with a happy ending'† (12). Water diction is used to purvey a sense of the unifying river in the book. As Huck and Jim raft down the river from Jackson Island, Huck comments: â€Å"Two or three days and nights went by; I reckon I might say they swum by, they slid along so quiet and smooth and lovely† (AHF 129). The river physically holds the story together and also underlies the whole novel. Huck can be compared to Weiner's definition of a Picaresque hero as: â€Å"The picaresque novel is a witty, satirical form that revolves around the exploits of a lower-class hero of dubious morals, often called a ‘rogue hero. ‘ This hero lives by his wits as he moves through the various strata of his society. The hero is constantly in and out of trouble but often uses his street-smarts to emerge from compromising situations. † (87) To that extent, these four character traits are seen in the hero of the story, Huckleberry Finn. Huck can be characterized as having dubious morals through his actions and reasoning. Huck justifies some of his immoral actions, such as stealing, by using his pap's own actions as a precedent. Quirk states, â€Å"Huck is often capable of pseudomoralizing, citing his pap as authority for lifting a chicken or borrowing a melon† (92). As Huck tells the reader during the preparations to help Jim escape from the Phelps residence, â€Å"Along during that morning I borrowed a sheet and white shirt off of the clothes-line [†¦ ] I called it borrowing because that was what pap always called it [†¦ ]† (AHF 256). Also, Huck rationalizes his immoral action when he sneaks into a circus without paying. He defends his action by saying that he did not need to waste money: â€Å"I ain't opposed to spending money on circuses, [†¦ ] but there ain't no use in wasting it on them† (AHF 159). Huck, therefore, carries out improper and immoral actions akin to thievery. Weiner verifies this: â€Å"there is no honor among thieves, and Huck, by necessity, has become one of them† (83). Thus, Huck demonstrates the characteristic of being a rogue hero through his immoral actions and their justification. Rogue heroes travel ‘through' various social strata; through the episodes that Huck experiences, Twain presents the many levels of antebellum Mississippi valley American social strata. Huck starts traveling with Jim, a runaway slave, down the Mississippi river, and eventually befriends him, a lower class individual. Huck, after playing a cruel joke on Jim, apologizes to him. This is highly out of convention for the milieu of the time, as Jim is naught more than a slave, while Huck is a white boy: â€Å"It was fifteen minutes before I could work myself up to go and humble myself to a nigger – but I done it, and I warn't sorry for it afterwards, neither† (AHF 98). This exemplifies one instance where Huck mingles with a person of a lower class. Additionally, Huck cares enough about Jim that he resolves himself to free his friend and suffer the consequences: â€Å"I studied a minute [†¦ ] then says to myself, ‘All right. Then, I'll go to hell' [†¦ I would go to work and steal Jim out of slavery again [†¦ ]† (AHF 228). Huck sacrifices the most valuable part of himself, his soul, to stay with his lower class friend Jim. Huck also interacts with people of higher social classes: â€Å"Tom Sawyer, his aunt, the Widow Douglas, and Miss Watson are all drawn from the middle class. The Sheperdsons and Grangerfords represent the wealthy, aristocratic upper class† (Weiner 73). Miss Watson, who cares for Huck in the beginning, and the Widow Douglas are not overly wealthy, but do have several slaves (AHF 11). The Phelps family, who Huck mingles with when they mistake him for Tom Sawyer, also belongs to the middle class. Huck describes them as well-off, but not overly wealthy family: â€Å"Phelps's was one of these little one-horse cotton plantations†(AHF 232). The cotton plantations were very successful at the time, but the Phelps's is one of a smaller size, denoting their middle-class status. When Huck arrives at the residence of the Grangerfords, an upper-class, aristocratic family who he stays with, he describes: â€Å"It was a mighty nice family, and a mighty nice house, too. I hadn't seen no house out in the country before that was so nice and had so much style† (AHF 112). Huck also describes the house as having features like a fireplace and other luxuries that only the affluent could afford. Therefore, Huck satisfies another requirement of the rogue hero, interacting with characters from various social classes. Another facet of the picaresque hero is his constant entanglement with trouble. Each episode that Huck experiences, embroils him in that conflict until he escapes to stumble into the next conflict. After the episode where Huck and Jim are separated in the fog, they encounter a group of slave-hunters; following that, more trouble befalls them as a steamboat runs into their raft, forcing Huck into the water. Eventually, Huck washes up on the property of the Grangerfords, where he faces the next conflict. In his attempts to escape from trouble, Huck often inadvertently stumbles into more trouble. Huck quick-wittedly answers â€Å"‘Goodness sakes, would a runaway nigger run south? ‘† to the king and the duke's wondering if Jim is a runaway slave (AHF 138). However, according to R. J. Fertel, a Twain scholar, Huck's quick-witted answer â€Å"gets [Jim and Huck] out of the frying pan and into the fire: the duke responds by printing the slave bills that enable their rafting by day and that leads ultimately to Jim's being sold back into slavery† (92). The different conflicts in the story as well as Huck's responses and reactions get Huck often into trouble. Finally, Huck fulfills the fourth criterion for a rogue hero by using wits and practical knowledge of the world to avoid or escape from trouble. Whenever Huck is tangled in a problem, he concocts a story for himself on the spot and manages his way out of trouble. According to Fertel, â€Å"[Huck], [†¦ ] [is] an improviser always ready with a tall tale or scheme or counter scheme [†¦ ] Huck's improvising is [†¦ ] harmless, brought to bear on others only to avoid trouble† (94). After Huck tries to slip away from the duke and the king after the townsfolk find out that the two are not the real relatives of the deceased man, Peter Wilks, the king catches Huck and asks if he was trying to give them the slip. Huck quickly lies that the man â€Å"‘that had aholt of me was very good to me [†¦ ] and he was sorry to see a boy in such a dangerous fix; [†¦ he [let] go of me and whispers ‘Heel it now, or they'll hang ye for sure! ‘ and I lit out'† (AHF 219). Similarly, when Jim is in danger of being discovered by raftsmen, he quickly lies to them and convinces them that his father has smallpox: â€Å"‘[†¦ ] gentlemen, if you'll only pull ahead, and let me heave you the head-line, you won' t have to come a-near the raft;'† the men immediately back off: â€Å"‘Keep away, boy – keep to looard. [†¦ ] Your pap's got the smallpox and you know it precious well. [†¦ ] Do you want to spread it al over? ‘† (AHF 103). Huck lies again to protect himself as well as Jim. In addition, he uses his practical knowledge to support his story when he is cornered by Mrs. Judith Loftus. To see if Huck was really from a farm, as he had told her while in the guise of a girl, she asks him questions, such as â€Å"‘Which side of a tree does the most moss grow on? ‘† to which Huck promptly and correctly answers â€Å"‘North side;'† Huck's practical knowledge convinces her, as she responds, â€Å"‘Well, I reckon you have lived in the country,'† and relieves Huck of momentary trouble (AHF 71). Quickly concocting stories and lies as well as utilizing practical knowledge characterize Huck's wit, fulfilling this criterion of the rogue hero. An episodic plot and Huck Finn as a rogue hero establish Mark Twain's The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn as a picaresque novel. The plot consists of many episodes with separate and disconnected conflicts, all bound by the river. Huck Finn can be characterized as a rogue hero, thus fulfilling all the necessary criteria for the picaresque novel.

Merits and Demerits of the Internet Essay

The internet is a socially disruptive technology. It has changed the way we do business, communicate with each other, and even how we view the world in the short amount of time that the public has used it. From its beginning as a project of the Department of Defense to connect its computers together, the Internet is now a resource that most people in the developed world cannot live without. I myself have been affected by the internet. I am one of the 1,114,274,426 people who use the internet in its various forms. Whether by emailing my friends, or ordering a book on Amazon.com, I am a part of the â€Å"internet generation†, the generation of people who grew up with the benefits of the Internet. This paper tries to explore how the Internet has touched my life. I will try to look at both the benefits of the Internet and its drawbacks. Looking at my internet use, I see that there are primarily three ways that I use the internet; for convenience, for information and lastly for the cyber community. Convenience This has got to be the reason most everyday people use the internet, it simply makes things easier. From email to word processing, with the internet, previous tasks that are cumbersome and time-consuming are now performed effortlessly at the click of a mouse. You no longer have to write a letter by hand, affix a stamp, and then mail it afterwards waiting for not minutes but entire days just to send a letter to a friend or colleague. In the amount of time that it takes to read this sentence, I could have forwarded a chain letter to dozens if not hundreds of people in my email address book. Communication through the internet has radically changed the way we live. By the sheer simplicity and ease of sending a letter through email, we probably communicate with each other more and with greater intimacy. It has helped me keep in touch with my family members and friends at home. Even simple messages like trivial requests or a short â€Å"how are you? † reach their destination even half a world a way nearly instantaneously when I press the â€Å"send† button on my email program of choice. Aside from communication, another way that the internet has made lives easier is through electronic commerce or simply e-commerce. From this very chair I am sitting on, I buy my bus tickets, send and receive money through e-banking and even watch movies. I don’t have to move myself out of the house (or even out of this chair) to take care of my basic necessities, leaving me with more time to finish more pressing tasks. Truly, this is a way that the Internet has made my life much easier. On the other hand the internet has not only made my life easier, it has also made the lives of shady characters easier too. It has helped spread junk emails, â€Å"spyware† programs, and even computer viruses through its communication lines. My worst experience with this was a virus I got from a spam email. The virus completely ruined my laptop and made me reinstall the operating system. Even as I did this, the virus had already spread to other email addresses stored in my email address book. Another thing I noticed is that the convenience of the Internet has made me more impatient. For someone who got accustomed to email and e-commerce, I find that waiting even for very short amount of times has already become a difficult exercise for me. Being â€Å"spoiled† by the internet, I now want and expect all things to be done at cyber-speed. A much more serious effect of the Internet’s ease of communication is the creation of a new arena of crime – internet crime. I myself have had no experience with Internet crimes but that is something I don’t want to change in the near future. The convenience of the internet has equally empowered me to do my email and shopping and empowered crooks to perform felonies from credit card fraud to piracy and even identity theft. Information The internet has changed both the way we get access to information and the amount of information we can have access to. Enormous amounts of web pages are born everyday, with equally impressive search engines to quickly comb through these web pages to get the information you want. Personally, I use internet portals such as Yahoo! and Naver as they have almost everything I need, news, entertainment, weather information, dictionaries, study materials etc. Another thing about information on the internet is that unlike traditional media outlets such as newspapers, radio and TV, the internet is a duplex communication channel. The flow of information from traditional outlets only goes one-way, the TV reports on it and I view it. The internet on the other hand empowers me to voice out my opinions and get feedback on these opinions right away. However, not all information on the internet is reliable. The ease of creating a website has made information coming from â€Å"average Joes† look indistinguishable from those of learned academics and authorities. Ease of finding information on the internet has made people unwilling to do research the old way, by going to libraries and referencing known authors and peer-reviewed journals or articles. Now, they are just more likely to take as true the first results that Google or Wikipedia gives out. Also, the internet has given seedy people and organizations a free outlet to promote disreputable activities and information. Hate groups, suicidal organizations, and child pornographers have used the internet to further their agenda and reach more potential victims. I found myself in an embarrassing situation once when I accessed pornography on the internet by accident. The thing with the internet’s ease of providing information is that it makes people think less. It makes us dependent on websites and search engines instead of enforcing our research and information validation skills. It lessens creativity and makes us unable to discern which information is true or false, which fact is correct or incorrect, and what is morally good or bad. The Cyber Community The internet has truly made the world a smaller place as it enabled people to meet more individuals from different backgrounds and different parts of the world. It has created a worldwide meeting place where people could seek out people who share their interests and values. I myself am a member of this community by my blog. My blog allows me to connect to other people just as reading other peoples’ blogs give me a connection and insight into their lives. My blog also satisfies my need desire for recognition by giving me my own personal space to decorate and post my own thoughts to be seen by the world at large. Another nice thing about the cyber community is that unlike the real community, the internet gives its users a blanket of anonymity. This anonymity gives its users the freedom to express their own opinions without fear that it will reflect on them badly. Also, it allows users the freedom to talk things and or problems which could be considered socially embarrassing or taboo. On the other hand, anonymity also empowers people by protecting them from responsibility from wrongdoing. Anyone can read my blog and leave scathing and psychologically damaging comments without revealing who they really are. Also, it makes one think less of others as people are reduced to a few lines of text on a webpage or chat room. Unlike the real community, the cyber community is impersonal and has no intimacy. Another side effect of being part of the cyber community is addiction. I may be guilty of this to some degree. I tend to overuse the internet and in the continual habit of opening internet web pages. You could say that like an addict, I cannot live without the internet. Just like substance abuse, I have grown a dependence on the internet and the cyber community it brings. Conclusion In retrospect, the Internet has really changed the way I lived my life. I am exposed to plenty of empowering technologies that generations of people before me could only dream about. The world is smaller because of it and for the most part better because of it. And it is getting better all the time, newer applications that make life better through the internet are still being made at a rapid pace. On the other hand, the internet is a tool which could also be used for foul deeds. Internet users with shady interests have used the internet to cause harm and promote their foul agenda. As members of the cyber community, one needs to be wary of these things as it may leave one vulnerable to anything from damage to your computer to damaging scrutiny or even more serious crimes like identity theft. In retrospect, is the internet worth it? For me, even with its downsides, the internet is still a blessing to be treasured. It really does make my life easier and allows me to do more things that were unthinkable of even just 50 years ago. One just has to be conscious about how he or she uses the internet. As always, even on the internet, common sense should prevail and one should not forsake traditionally held values such as extending courtesy, doing proper research and others even is one is shielded by anonymity in the cyber community of the internet. References Irvine, Marthat. (2004, December 5). Youth Adopt, Drive Technological Advances. Fort Worth Star-Telegram, 31A. Staples, Brent. (2004, May 29). What Adolescents Miss When We Let Them Grow Up In Cyberspace. New York Times, , A24. Leiner, Barry M. , et. al.. (n. d. ). A Brief History of the Internet. In Internet Society. Retrieved April 22, 2007, from http://www. isoc. org/internet/history/brief. shtml. InternetWorldStats. com. (March 19, 2007). Internet Usage Statistics – The Big Picture. In Internet World Stats. Retrieved April 22, 2007, from http://www. internetworldstats. com/stats. htm. Levine, John R. , Baroudi, Carol. , & Young, Margaret Levine. (2000). The Internet for Dummies 7th edition. Foster City CA: IDG Books.

Political systems essays

Political systems essays In large societies existing in the world today, there are many different opinions when it comes to political decision-making. There have been many different political systems in the past. There exist two extreme positions. The Athenian democracy is a system in which all the citizens of an area participate in making decisions. One alternative to the Athenian democracy is the elite or absolute rule; a system in which there is one person who makes decisions for the country, hopefully in the countrys best interests. An alternative political system between the two extremes is the representative democracy in which you get to vote on the political party you would like to represent you. In a way this system leaves decision making up to professional groups of people, but still gives the people of the country some control over decisions made. The political party voted into power is given the right to make decisions for the country; if the citizens of the country wish to vote for another party, they may do so in the next election. Different societies in the world today believe that one system is the rational and politically correct one. A certain group of people might argue that an absolute ruler gives no political rights to its citizens, and it leaves the country open to corruption. This group may not support an Athenian Democracy because it is inefficient in societies today, because the societies are simply too large. Too much time would be spent deciding which goals and approaches to take. This would leave very little time to achieve these goals. The same society may support a Representative Democracy because they believe it is the only way to divide the power between Citizen and State fairly. A representative democracy is the best political system for all countries in the world today. A very controversial system still used today is the Absolute Monarchy. An absolute or elite ruler makes all the countrys decisions, for better or ...

Nylon Stockings and Denier Spam

Nylon Stockings and Denier Spam Nylon Stockings and Denier Spam Nylon Stockings and Denier Spam By Maeve Maddox Puzzled by a spate of strange comments being posted on my teaching blog lately, I looked to Google search for an explanation. The comments range from vacuous puffs written in a strange kind of English, I’ve been exploring for a little bit for any high quality articles or blog posts on this kind of area. Exploring in Yahoo I at last stumbled upon this site. Reading this info So i am happy to convey that I’ve an incredibly good uncanny feeling I discovered just what I needed. I most certainly will make certain to don’t forget this website and give it a glance regularly. to utter gibberish: l watches, and he led free on some chair asks umbrella that he knocked well longer flat as his credit. By on it had tightly see with it appeared smaller jerry of ourselves! His samay or watches. Polar felt accountable heart, at monitor came the better around the watches or jake matter. Weight wouldve that he safely. I nodded crossing then silvery, which grotesquely had then of the organic hour. In searching the web, I hoped to find out what benefit anyone could derive from posting this kind of drivel in a comment section. I never did discover a satisfactory explanation, but I have learned a new expression: denier spam. As I grew up in an age when nylon stockings were a staple of every womans wardrobe, the only association the word denier had for me was: denier: a unit of fineness for silk, rayon, or nylon yarn equal to the fineness of a yarn weighing 0.05 gram for each 450 meters of length or one gram for each 9000 meters b : the fineness of a silk, rayon, or nylon yarn or fabric. Could denier spam be an especially fine variety of spam? I kept looking until the penny finally dropped. The word I was seeing wasnt denier [dÉ™n-yÄ ], as in 20-denier nylon, it was denier [dÄ ­-nÄ «Ã‰â„¢r], as in one who denies. Doh! Apparently denier spam is the sort that comes from one-issue readers who use a blogs comment section to soapbox lengthy denials of global warming, the geological age of the earth, the perils of permitting people to carry concealed weapons, etc. Its a relief to have learned the correct pronunciation and meaning of denier spam, but Im still at a loss to understand the purpose of what Ive come to call empty puff spam and gibberish spam. Whats the benefit to those who place it? Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:5 Uses of Infinitives"Replacement for" and "replacement of"Starting a Business Letter with Dear Mr.

Learn How to Conjugate Attacher (to Attach) in French

Learn How to Conjugate Attacher (to Attach) in French The French verb  attacher  means to attach, fasten, bind, or tie up. French students will be happy to know that it is rather easy to conjugate this verb. A quick lesson is all you should need. Conjugating the French Verb  Attacher Verb conjugations in French are a bit more of a challenge than in English. Rather than adding simple -ed or -ing endings to a verb, the French language uses many different endings that you will need to memorize. Attacher  is a  regular -ER verb. This means that it follows the standard changes to the ending as you move from subject and tense.   The chart will help you memorize the conjugations. Simply match the subject pronoun to the present, future, or imperfect past tense. For example, I attach is jattache and we will attach is nous attacherons. Subject Present Future Imperfect j attache attacherai attachais tu attaches attacheras attachais il attache attachera attachait nous attachons attacherons attachions vous attachez attacherez attachiez ils attachent attacheront attachaient Attachers Present Participle The  present participle  for attacher is formed by dropping the -er  and adding -ant  to form attachant. Not only does this act as a verb, but you can use it as an adjective, gerund, or noun as well. The Passà © Composà © of  Attacher The  passà © composà ©Ã‚  is a common form of the past tense in French. For  attacher, you will combine the appropriate conjugate of the  auxiliary verb  avoir  with the  past participle  attachà ©. As an example, to say I attached, you will use jai attachà ©. As the subject changes, only the subject pronoun and  avoir  conjugate will change: we tied up becomes nous avons attachà ©. More Conjugations of  Attacher When youre just starting out, concentrate on learning the present, future, and passà © composà © of  attacher. As you speak and read more French, you may find other forms to be useful as well. The subjunctive and conditional forms are verb moods and imply a certain level of uncertainty or ambiguity in the action. If youre reading or writing formal French, you may also encounter or use the passà © simple or imperfect subjunctive. Subject Subjunctive Conditional Pass Simple Imperfect Subjunctive j attache attacherais attachai attachasse tu attaches attacherais attachas attachasse il attache attacherait attacha attacht nous attachions attacherions attachmes attachassions vous attachiez attacheriez attachtes attachassiez ils attachent attacheraient attachrent attachassent The imperative form of  attacher  will be useful when its used in short, direct requests or demands. For this form, theres no need to use the subject pronoun and you can simply say  attachons  rather than tu attachons. Imperative (tu) attache (nous) attachons (vous) attachez

Is brain dead really dead Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Is brain dead really dead - Research Paper Example Advances in medical knowledge and practice have made it possible for respiratory and cardiovascular functions to be taken over by sophisticated machines and advanced therapies. The significance of recognizing brain death is based on the costs of maintaining patients on life support, intellectual progression and utilitarian purposes. Despite the importance of recognizing brain death, concerns have been raised over challenges to determining brain death. The first challenge is that brain death is not death while the second challenge is that brain death is death but the clinical criteria used to recognize it are unreliable. This essay will discuss the importance of recognizing brain death, in addition to discussing the challenges to brain death. Brain death is a clinical manifestation characterized by irreversible cessation of all the functions of the human brain, including the brain stem (Machado, 2007). Even though the concept of brain death has commonly been applied to organ donation and transplantation, brain death has become a contested issue in general medical practice. Strict guidelines have been developed to certify brain death and only specialist medical practitioners are allowed to make the determination. Recognition of brain death is crucial in medical practice given the medical, bioethical and legal contestations associated with brain death. Much as brain death is considered to be effective in making definite recognition of death, the legal, ethical and human aspects associated with death make brain death a very complex clinical issue. The permanent cessation of the respiratory and cardiovascular functions was traditionally used as the basis upon which death was recognized. Regardless of a patient’s situation, this criterion was widely accepted as the standard for recognizing death (Wijdicks, 2013). Conversely, advancements in medical technology and knowledge have

The elasticity of demand Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The elasticity of demand - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that the sensitivity of demand of a product with respect to changes in its own price is identified as the own price elasticity of demand. To state this alternatively, own price elasticity of demand is defined as the percentage change in demand per percentage change in the price of the product, other things remaining the same. Therefore, the own price elasticity of demand is expressed as the ratio of percentage change in demand and the percentage change in the price of the good in question. So, own price elasticity of demand for the good X with a per unit price PX shall be given by the expression: EPx = (percentage change in quantity demanded of X)/ (percentage change in PX). This can be calculated as either at a movement from a point on the demand curve to another, which is known as arc elasticity or as the limiting value of arc elasticity known as point elasticity of demand. However for changes assumed to be infinitesimally small, so that the movement is not perceptible and it is as if the consumer stays on the same point on the demand curve almost, we use the limiting value of arc elasticity of demand, known as point elasticity of demand. Since for all normal goods quantity demanded varies inversely with price, own price elasticity is always negative, though the extent to which demand varies inversely is not the same for all goods.

Business Ethics Dealing with Poverty and Pollution in the Environment Research Paper

Business Ethics Dealing with Poverty and Pollution in the Environment - Research Paper Example Third world countries, due to poverty and lack of resources, are not able to invest in environmental friendly technologies and devise environmental regulations. This allows corporations to pollute in the third world countries without any problem. In this paper we will discuss the environmental pollution with the reference of businesses and third world countries. We will observe the reasons why businesses ignore pollution related regulations in the developing world. Other aspects of environmental pollution will also be discussed with reference to the case of ‘Poverty and Pollution’. Ethical Implications of Businesses Polluting in the Third World The ethical implications of businesses pollution in a third world country are significant. Environmental pollution affects the whole population of the region and therefore it cannot be ethically justified. There is no doubt that environmentally polluted technology is cheaper and therefore third countries use it in order to remain competitive in the global market. But the economic argument in favor of environmental pollution in the third world country is not justified because pollution affects a great number of pollution and not all people are able to get the economic benefits of businesses operating in their region. This is one of the ethical implications of businesses polluting in the third world. Another ethical implication of businesses polluting in the developing world is that it is not possible to value human life. Environmental pollution caused by firms in the third world countries create all sorts of health problems for its inhabitants and therefore decreases human life expectancy in the region. This is not ethically justified because people living in the region do not have any choice to move to another area as they are extremely poor. This is actually exploitation of human beings which can never be ethically justified. It is therefore proved without a doubt that environmental pollution is not ethical ly justified. Reasons why a Business Ignore Pollution Control Standards Businesses ignore pollution control standards in the third world because it drives down their production cost. Investment in required to reduce pollution for example in order to dump industrial waste in an appropriate manner significant investment is required. This drives the production cost up which hurts the profits of the firm operating in the third world countries. They are in the country just because of the promise of lower production cost and this is why they ignore pollution control standards. Organizations are profit making entities and therefore they do anything in their power to reduce their cost and maximize profits. Lack of will is another reason why businesses ignore pollution control standards. Laws are not strict in the third world countries and corporations therefore feel that they are not obligated to follow them. This is the main reason why firms don’t feel compelled to make a change and follow the pollution control standards. The firms are not willing to change their practices and this is why they lack the will to abide by the pollution control standards set by third world countries. Is Pollution the Price of Progress? It is argued sometimes that pollution is the price of progress. It is said that for developing countries to economically develop they require competitive edge over other developed countries

The Legal, Ethical, and Managerial Concerns of Employee Monitoring Assignment

The Legal, Ethical, and Managerial Concerns of Employee Monitoring - Assignment Example This study declares that as a business, you ought to peruse the representative screening law in the event that you need to comprehend the legalities of worker observing. It states that the boss can screen your workers movements on your workstations. Executives ought to have an Acceptable Use Policy (AUP) set up that is made known to all their representatives and they ought to be made mindful that their workstations and Internet movement are continuously followed. Fundamentally the law states that you can do whatever you need on the grounds that the workstations and the work done on them is your property. An AUP is a composed assention, marked by workers, plotting the terms and states of Internet utilization. It particularly sets out satisfactory utilization, principles of on-line conduct, and access benefits. They can additionally blanket punishments for violations of the strategy, including security violations and vandalism of the framework. From this paper it is clear that anybody utilizing the web could be obliged to sign an AUP, and it ought to be continued document as a legitimate, tying record. Adjusting the true blue need of managers to screen the work environment with deference for singular protection is not troublesome. Corporate ethics refers to the behavior by which a business conforms to its day-to-day dealings with the world. In other terms, it delineates a set of professional ethics which examine moral and ethical problems prevalent in business environments. Corporate ethics is applicable to all the aspects of business conduct. Moreover, it is applicable to the conduct of each and every individual in the organization, as well as the entire organization at large. However, more often than not, research and practice of business ethics has typically taken the view-point of top management.  

Find a web site about a vernacular dance forms. It could be anything Essay

Find a web site about a vernacular dance forms. It could be anything to do with ethnic, folk, ballroom, jazz, or tap dancing - Essay Example Shopping is divided into videos, music, books, gift cards, and customer service. The classifieds section offers a partner search and a dancewear section, while the directory offers teachers, studios, dance locations, vendors, services, clubs and teams, organizations, and other dance sites. The forum, or message board, is comprised of just about any topic that the reader may think of, as well as some others that may not be imagined. People can ask anything about anything related to dance. The site itself is full of a wide variety of information, and the information is arranged in a useful and easy to navigate manner. While the content provided is clear and concise, the site itself leaves much to be desired in terms of design. The site itself tried to appear fancy, though the colors, the fonts, and the attempts at adding sparkles to the fonts just end up making it look tacky. The videos themselves attempt to show the dances in a professional manner, however, the people look cheesy and fake, instead of like people who are genuinely interested in dancing; the overlaid text at the beginning of the videos is the same tacky fonts that are in use on the homepage of the site itself. If the site used something other than XHTML and javascript, the site could be done in a far more professional manner. Likewise, if the forum was to use phpBB instead of javascript, it would offer a far more professional look and feel. Overall, the site itself has a host of valuable information, and it is presented in an easy to use and easy to navigate manner, however, the style of the site leaves much to be desired. Ballroom dancing is supposed to be elegant and beautiful, and a poorly designed site tends to not only detract from that, but also shows disrespect to the art

The Legal, Ethical, and Managerial Concerns of Employee Monitoring Assignment

The Legal, Ethical, and Managerial Concerns of Employee Monitoring - Assignment Example This study declares that as a business, you ought to peruse the representative screening law in the event that you need to comprehend the legalities of worker observing. It states that the boss can screen your workers movements on your workstations. Executives ought to have an Acceptable Use Policy (AUP) set up that is made known to all their representatives and they ought to be made mindful that their workstations and Internet movement are continuously followed. Fundamentally the law states that you can do whatever you need on the grounds that the workstations and the work done on them is your property. An AUP is a composed assention, marked by workers, plotting the terms and states of Internet utilization. It particularly sets out satisfactory utilization, principles of on-line conduct, and access benefits. They can additionally blanket punishments for violations of the strategy, including security violations and vandalism of the framework. From this paper it is clear that anybody utilizing the web could be obliged to sign an AUP, and it ought to be continued document as a legitimate, tying record. Adjusting the true blue need of managers to screen the work environment with deference for singular protection is not troublesome. Corporate ethics refers to the behavior by which a business conforms to its day-to-day dealings with the world. In other terms, it delineates a set of professional ethics which examine moral and ethical problems prevalent in business environments. Corporate ethics is applicable to all the aspects of business conduct. Moreover, it is applicable to the conduct of each and every individual in the organization, as well as the entire organization at large. However, more often than not, research and practice of business ethics has typically taken the view-point of top management.  

Nationalization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Nationalization - Essay Example Nationalization also occurs if there is a change in government and the political ideology of the government demands a dramatic change in the country’s economic policy. Many times nationalization has been used to promote industries in the country which cannot be made dependent on foreign companies as they cater directly to the people. For example, after Independence from British rule India nationalized its steel industries although it took help from Russia to build steel plant in Rourkela and Bhilai. The most important reason of foreign intervention is the geopolitical and economic interests of powerful states. The interventions don’t necessarily have to be of military nature. Economic sanction is a weapon often used to punish the country for being too closed for foreign companies. Recently U.K. has imposed economic sanctions on Iran because of its nuclear programs. Other countries are to follow soon. Another case of geopolitical interests is Iraq where the allied forces invaded on the pretext of Weapons of Mass Destruction. But even after the Hans Blix’s report on absence of WMDs, the allied forces continued their operations. Many people argue that the main reason behind the invasion was oil. In a similar manner corporate interests influence foreign policies of a country. China has been very interfering in the internal matters of its neighboring country Nepal because of the corporate interests. Nepalese market is flooded with Chinese goods. Corporate interests may not lead to military invasions but they certainly influence countries to adopt protectionist measures. Ideological interests in democracy are also as major factor which leads to interventions. Human welfare is also cited one of the major reasons but there is considerable debate about the authenticity of such claims. While U.S. intervention in Iraq was justified for removing

Office Equipment Company Essay Example for Free

Office Equipment Company Essay Therefore, they had to choose a suitable candidate. OEC didn’t have manufacturing facilities in El Salvador, but they had been selling there for more than 22 years at that time. The sales and profits proved to be improving every year. In 1993, OEC decided to construct a factory. The components of the machines would be imported and assembled locally as El Salvador could offer a big supply of cheap labour force. The construction would be supervised by an American technical team. The director, also American, would report to US all problems regarding the production and quality-control and to the managing director from El Salvador, all problems regarding the accounting, the finance and labour relations. The managers from foreign subsidiaries of OEC are used to being rotate among foreign and domestic locations which offered them an important international experience. II. The Problem The main problem outlined in the case study is that the committee does not know which candidate would best fit the managing director’s position. Causes for the problem Current managing director has handed in his resignation and will leave in one month * Current OEC policy only allows for promoting, not hiring from outside the company. Negative effects Long-Term * Loss of international competitiveness if new managing director isn’t capable of handling his duties. * The image of OEC in El Salvador may be affected if wrong candidate is selected. Short-Term * New appointed managing director may not prove to be competent. * Delayed operations if the candidate is not selected before the end of the one month. * Loss of clients if candidate not selected on time. Cultural-differences between new managing director and local staff which may lead to conflicts, if inappropriate US candidate is selected. Communication problems, if poor Spanish speaking candidate. III. Alternative Solutions 1. Choosing Tom Zimmerman Tom Zimmerman is an experience manager that has been working for OEC for 30 years. Therefore, he knows very well all the technical and sales aspects of the company and he was considered very competent in his managerial duties. However, Tom doesn’t speak Spanish at all and, in El Slavador, this crucial for doing business. He is married, but his wife doesn’t speak Spanish also, which would make their life very difficult in El Slavador. They have a big family, but their children live separately at their houses in US. Having a considerable age, both of them, they would likely prefer to stay in the US, closer to their children and grandchildren. Also, Tom doesn’t have any international experience as he never worked abroad. He only visited the company foreign facilities, but this would not have provided him the experience necessary to deal with the cultural differences and everyday problems. Advantages: * 30 years of experience for the OEC; * Important technical knowledge and sales aspects; * Competent in the management duties; * Used with this kind of operations; * His current post will become redundant. Disadvantages: * No international experience; * Doesn’t speak Spanish; * Retirement is planned in 4,5 years; * Married; his wife also doesn’t speak Spanish. 2. Choosing Brett Harrison Brett Harrison has an important experience of 15 years with the OEC and is viewed as a very competent employee capable of reaching a higher rank in management. He is in charge of the regional office of the Latin America and even if he had never travelled abroad, he visited frequently this region. He is married and, both he and his wife speak Spanish. However, they have two children, aged fourteen and fifteen, that are in school and could cause a problem for them by switching not only school, but also countries. Also, his wife has a stable position in marketing at a pharmaceutical company. In case of moving into another country, she could find difficulties in finding a job, or she could not be satisfied of her new job compared to the old one. Advantages: * 15 years of experience for OEC; * Highly competent; * Speaks Spanish; * His wife also speaks Spanish; Disadvantages: * Frequently travelled to Latin America, but never been based abroad; * His wife is employed at a stable workplace; * His children are in school, even if they are starting to learn Spanish; 3. Choosing Carolyn Moyer At the age of 37, Carolyn Moyer is the second oldest proposed candidate as well as the only female. Twelve years ago she attained her MBA from a prestigious university and also was an undergraduate in international affairs at the time she joined OEC. During her work at the company she has become acquainted with having responsibility as a Line authority as well as Staff authority. For the past two years she was second in charge of a product group with similar size as the one from El Salvador; which she managed â€Å"excellently†. She has shown interest in having international responsibilities since she started working for the company. She speaks Spanish well and is not currently married, which may ease her transition from the States to El Salvador. Carolyn Moyer happens to be the second oldest proposed candidate, but also has more than a decade of experience working for OEC. Currently in the Republic of El Salvador there is a strong gender role culture: men occupy the important jobs, whereas women as assistants and other clerical or support positions; only up until recently have started working as doctors, teachers and dentists. As of now women do not yet hold high ranking positions in the business sector. El Salvador ratified the International Agreement on Work Discrimination only in 1995, and the International Agreement on Equal Pay amongst men and women in 2000. Advantages: * Holds MBA from prestigious university. * Has experience at having both Line and Staff responsibilities. 2 years experience of co-managing a large product group. Interested in international responsibilities. * Undergraduate in international affairs. * Speaks Spanish well. * Not married. Disadvantages: * Second oldest candidate, 37 years of age. * Machismo is deeply rooted in the Republic of El Salvador. 4. Choosing Francisco Cabrera Francisco Cabrera, a Mexican citizen has worked for OEC for the past twelve years in the Mexican division and is at the moment one of the assistant managing directors in the Mexican operation tasked with producing and selling products on the Mexican market. After seven years when the current managing director would have normally retired, he was considered to be the next in the line to take his position. Having four young children, between the ages of two and seven, may potentially cause some problems as after seven years when he should have normally taken the position, his youngest would have been nine years old and in school. Advantages: * MBA from Mexican university. * Assistant managing director. * Possesses Mexican Citizenship. * 12 years work experience for OEC in Mexico. * Was deemed as the next managing director. Speaks English â€Å"adequately†. Disadvantages: * Third oldest candidate, 35 years of age. Married with four young children. 5. Choosing Juan Moreno Juan Moreno, the youngest candidate, has worked as the assistant to the El Salvador managing director for the past four years, after obtaining an undergraduate degree from a U. S. university. He is considered competent at what he does and helped increase the sales of OEC products, due to his many connections with potential customers. He is also capable of maintaining good relations with the employees. The biggest disadvantage is that he lacks experience, as having worked the least out of all candidates, and may not have enough knowledge or skill to be competitive with high demanding tasks. Advantages: * Youngest candidate, 27 years old. * Worked as assistant to the current managing director in El Salvador. * Holds undergraduate degree from US. * Competent. * Good employee relations. * Has successfully increase OEC’s sales. * Well connected with customers. * Not married. Disadvantages: * Lacks experience. IV. Best Solution Carolyn Moyer may not fit well in the El Salvador business environment, as just a decade ago women basically had no rights. So potential clients and local staff who she comes in contact with may ignore her and disregard what she says; which makes her competences as an authority useless. It must be a man. Anyone else but Juan Moreno (lack of experience and too young), depending on who has the best Advantages to least problematic Disadvantages. Francisco Cabrera (4) is in my opinion still the best candidate, as like I said, in El Salvador women are housekeepers, and so is his wife. So the fact that he has 4 children, has little to no affect on his job; at the most the company will have to pay him a bit extra to put his children through school, which over the years could add up, but he currently makes the equivalent of $40. 000, which compared to the US candidates is very little, so I assume that his new salary (if selected) would still be less than that of an American. So it cancels out, I suppose.

Information Systems On Delta Airlines

Information Systems On Delta Airlines Headquartered in Atlanta, USA, Delta Airlines is by far the worlds largest airline by fleet size, destinations as well as passenger revenue. Delta airlines, founder and included in the SkyTeam airline alliance, encompasses a broad domestic and international travel network, with it unsurpassed global network. The largest operational hub of Delta airlines is the Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta Internal Airport and the Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County Airport. Serving more than 170 million passengers every year, and counting, Delta together with its Northwest subsidiary as well as the Delta Connection carriers fly to as many as 355 destinations covering 66 countries, across 6 continents (Delta 2009) (StealingShare). Delta accomplished its merger with the Northwest Airlines on October 29, 2008, with the main aim of forming the globes largest commercial carrier. Then, in February 2009, it started merging ticket counters and gates at airports at which both Delta and Northwest operated, and received permission from the Federal Aviation Administration to commence its operations under a single certificate. This consolidation was finished in February 2010. With the successful incorporation of the Northwest acquisition, investments of Delta Airlines, in newer products and network backed by continued efforts for strengthening its balance sheet, the company is favourably positioned to gain full benefit of the economic recovery. Northwest acquisition is estimated to generate about $2billion as annual revenue and price synergies by 2012(Delta 2009) (Travel Video News 2010). Evaluation: Ever-increasing competition throughout the airline industry is causing the development of new applications of information systems and technology. This includes a new strategic focus on electronic commerce or e-commerce at Delta Airlines. Deltas mid-tier operation information systems has been presented as a scheme for leveraging its operational online transaction processing system (OLTP) infrastructure, in order to be an active part of the emerging world of e-commerce and enable new applications. The basic approach is to insert minimally intrusive taps within the OLTP systems to track transactions as they occur for reproducible reply in the mid-tier operational information system (OIS). For the existing environment, a hybrid approach can be developed and evaluated, Conventionally, large enterprise computing at organizations like Delta is based on the usage of clusters of mainframes that run patent information systems software. A goof evidence of this statement is that Delta works depending on the cluster of IBM S/390 mainframe machines that run system TPF or Transaction Processing Facility. Such traditional OLTPs often support applications which automate most of the airlines operational services. Further, the TPS systems architecture has shown high degree of scalability and availability, with the system operating successfully since the last 30 years and withstanding the Y2K bug scare (Delta 2009). Technically, it is difficult to change the functionalities of these existing OLTP applications in order to accommodate a varying business. Several applications were deployed in assembly language and have evolved since then. The applications were originally designed for executing specific business models and providing little flexibility to support newer business models as well as processes. Particularly, these applications sustain ownership of fixed data sets, and their legacy data formats do not allow creation of new relationships to application data. Also, new business models and processes lead to new applications, many of which leverage the Internet, thereby resulting in exposure of legacy systems to unanticipated transaction volumes (Vasilecas et al 2006). As a response to these drawbacks, Delta pursued a novel strategy of adding mid-tier enterprise information systems known as operation information systems, (OIS). In essence, the pool of information in the current OLTP systems is gathered by grabbing strategic transactions when they occur in soft real-time. The transactions are then duplicated and consistently reproduced in the newly formed OIS. This new environment sees the mapping of data stemming from the transactions into alternative acquirable formats, which bears a correlation with initial unrelated information, together with information from sources apart from the OLTP systems. Furthermore, the immediate mutual-relation triggers events that are extracted from the transaction records. This susceptibility allows for a totally new category of real-time event based applications, which aim at radically improving the effectiveness of airline operations. Moreover, the new mid-tier OIS, considered along with the legacy OLTP system, is said to be the foundation on which Delta generates new applications and enhances its existing business operations, such as improvement of the Customer Experience. The primary factor to their ever-growing success is the development of new mission-driven software and hardware infrastructures supporting these efforts (Vasilecas et al 2006). The architecture of the operation information systems has evolved on a whole, since the scalability and availability requisites have changed. Earlier, the system represented a concept that gained instant success and was implemented far-ahead of its designed capability. The currently executed system has been technically refined to fulfil the scalability and availability requirements (HubPages 2008). From a perspective, relative to data warehouses that generally store enormous bulk of historical information, an operational information system contains only the basic subset of information needed for day-to-day operations. While the size of the operational working set is relatively smaller, the collection of operation flows from internal as well as external sources may lead to operational data stores of terabytes in value. Maintaining such databases and the analytical processing of the data are two primary and basic tasks of the mid-tier OIS. Additional tasks are acquisition, derivation, broadcasting events having low latencies and in soft real time. Taking into account the demands of these tasks, a crucial observation indicates that the order of magnitude of the information from where applications events are obtained is possible to be reduced, mainly by emphasizing on the data required for operational decisions and actions. Hence, event latencies and throughput are improved by spec ifying a derivation subset termed as the Derivation Working Set. The DWS comprises of minimal amount of data required to derive the events needed for the OIS applications. Moreover, performance of data storage as well as data access for derivation of events is significantly enhanced as this working set can be executed as a main-memory database which is organized for accommodating event derivation and initial state queries (Oleson et al) (Mendelson Brynjolfsson 1993). A window scheme is used for operating the DWS, in which the content appears and disappears from the DWS based on relevance of information. Particularly, this set holds all state of current interest to be able to be rapidly accessed by relevant business process. For example, information regarding a flights arrival is stored in the DWS until the flight has departed, immediately after which business logic is added to the DWS indicating that the data in regards to a certain flight section has been finished. Further, the lifetime or window of the data in the DWS depends on the business operations for a certain business domain. Such as years of experience in using flight information results in identification of a window of flight data coupled with behaviour for a number of days in the past and days in the future. Furthermore, lifetimes are different across business domains, and are not dynamic like the lifetimes of event arrivals. For example, a flight exits from a gate and starts taxiing, so the boarding process for that flight is not relevant anymore and may be discarded into the operational data store (ODS), and also to the data warehouse (Oleson et al). Since an existing deployment crosses 10,000 machines, displaying flight status information, the greatest profile service of the OIS infrastructure is the soft real time delivery support of event information to numerous subscribing passengers. Further, real-time applications for event trigger the re-thinking of business processes and motivate to revolutionize the operations of the airlines. For example, when gate agents are supplied with alert displays which give the current view of relevant flight information, such as seat maps inside the flights they work for. The conventional request/reply approach is restricted as agents spend maximum time operating at the computer terminal, generally sending answers to customer questions. These heads up displays inform both the customers as well as the agents freeing the agents to spend their time in responding to more crucial issues, such as facilitating the boarding procedure (Travel Video News 2010) (Vasilecas et al 2006). For achieving high scalability and lower latencies, the liberalization of the reliance of every event transmission is dependent on the application characteristics. Although some applications need tight assurances, others may run successfully under relaxed rules, known as the reliability spectrum. For exploiting this spectrum, the usage of a mixed sender and receiver-driven multicast protocol is capable of providing dramatic enhancements in the latency as well as communication scalability of an EDE. The Event Driven Engine (EDE) is the major data provider and consumer for extra services related to the operational subsystem, like the Internet-based reservation and flight schedule and information services, which is the reservation system employed by external systems of a business to business model. Eventually, the EDE can directly distribute events to display points like the flight displays at airports, leading to the need for greater scalability in terms of amount of displays for certain event output streams emitting from the EDE. The earlier EDE design employed a commercial relational database for internalizing the transaction records and depicting the operation working set. The initial purpose was to enable quick, flexible queries coupled with distribution of low latency event. Nonetheless, as the operational working sets are growing to Terabyte magnitudes, experts and the management of Delta instantly realized the competition among sustaining massive databases and rapid event derivation from this database. After using this deployed architecture, disk-resident relational data provided inadequate performance only to handle all of the work needed for the OIS infrastructure. Furthermore, not only the OIS should process the variable peaks of 12 million source message per day, but also must the OIS additionally derive a minimum of that many application friendly events to a deployment of approximately 10,000 workstations (Oleson et al). This desired amount of workstations is anticipated to increase dramatically in the future. The explosion of initial state queries take place as computers dynamically subscribe, which in turn require initial states. This initial state, for FIDS (Flight Information Display Systems) applications, resulting in XML result set of 5 MB exerts a massive load on the system. Worst case scenario will be all current 10,000 machines might come on-line at the same time requiring 10,000 queries. Further, this situation is worsened by the presence of additional external systems, such as passenger-booking traffic through the Internet, thereby resulting into the addition of much more information flows as well as resulting analysis tasks such as small flows like automatic passenger paging services, multimedia flows, etc (Mendelson Brynjolfsson 1993). Therefore, Delta discontinued offering further support to the feature of analytical queries of the OIS and started to maintain a lower in-memory depiction of the working set. Again, the relational database representation was used to recover this evaluated state during failures. However, frequent failures in the system could result into businesses facing substantial downtime. For this, the time to substitute the running cache from the many terabyte RDMS is approximately 45 minutes. Furthermore, the client connectivity for the existing system depends on a hierarchical fan out on the basis of TCP socket concentrators. Delta was able to identify that this scheme adds unnecessary moving parts and inserts latency while events traverse the hops. Additionally, Deltas requirements along with experiences in constructing a commercially embraced OIS infrastructure have greatly prompted the existing academic research. The present scalability challenges and future scalability projections demand clean slate scheme for researching more desirable and favourable architectures for an operational information system (Oleson et al). Several applications operate successfully during incidents of message loss and take advantage of relaxed reliability protocols. This feature does not entail that the applications will have inconsistent views of information. This feature also proves that natural alternative means exist to guarantee the application information integrity. Furthermore, the most fundamental characteristic needed here is the ability to identify event loss and the capability of re-synchronizing a client application on detection of message loss. And this functionality is offered by the FIDS application of the OIS, where if a message loss takes place, the FIDS client re-synchronizes by asking for an initial state and starts receiving events that can update that state. In essence, the reliability/performance tradeoffs of sender- vs. receiver-initiated multicast protocols are widespread, which offer stronger vs. weaker throughput vs. reliability, wherein attributes of both kinds of protocols are utilized for gaining a compromise for demanded reliability coupled with greater throughput. The receiver, in this protocol, controls and detects lost messages via sequence number analysis, while the sender is responsible for buffering the messages to accommodate retransmission requests (Mendelson Brynjolfsson 1993). Toward that end, the research as well as commercial opportunities have been presented by operational information systems (OIS) along with their strategic importance to Delta Airlines. Tapping the legacy operational systems is an interesting approach used by the research study to developing new systems employed by Delta. Further, desired representations of operational information can be reproduced for new, mid-tier OIS. The basic idea is to build additional systems across which new business applications are developed, without threatening the existing systems and their normal operations. The evaluation of OIS then focuses on efficient, scalable and low latency processing together with the distribution of events, by evolving the existing communication/ event infrastructures and OIS event processing as well as storage engines (StealingShare).

Orlando Furioso Clarifies Vergil’s Ending in The Aeneid Essay -- Orlan

Orlando Furioso Clarifies Vergil’s Ending in The Aeneid  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚   Ariosto adapts and transforms Vergil’s final episode of The Aeneid into his own conclusion in Orlando Furioso. The final scenes in the epics parallel one another in many ways, yet also show distinct differences. Ruggiero and Rodomont represent Aeneas and Turnus, respectively, and the actions of Ariosto’s characters can be interchanged with their corresponding characters’ acts in The Aeneid. Ariosto reminds us of controversy and questions that Vergil elicits in his conclusion and responds interpretively, reshaping the ending and clarifying ambiguities. Does Vergil intend to write such an abrupt, controversial ending? Some critics suggest that Vergil meant to complete the story with a more upbeat, joyous tone, but he died before he completed task. They propose a Book XIII that incorporates a large ceremonial marriage between Aeneas and Lavinia into the story as a "happy" ending. Others insinuate that Vergil purposefully concludes the heroic poem to leave questions for readers. Ariosto incorporates a vast, joyful wedding between Ruggiero and Bradamant into his novel before mimicking Vergil’s ending; he argues that Vergil intended to end where he did. Even though we often yearn to read a "happy" ending, an abrupt, controversial ending provokes more contemplation. Ariosto suggests that Vergil planned to arouse his readers’ minds, and not satisfy their common desire for a "happy" ending, by introducing discord. Does Turnus pose a threat? From one point of view, Aeneas seems to always have the military upper hand, and Turnus seems physically inferior, thus not threatening. However, from a different perspective Turnus is deceptive, thus menacing. When he thinks h... ...this act to remind us how brutal Aeneas is when he kills without hesitation. Ariosto addresses the multiple ambiguities Vergil leaves behind. He indicates that a "happy" ending is not always required to please readers and transforms Vergil’s controversial ending into a straightforward conclusion by adapting Rodomont’s character to Turnus and Ruggiero’s character to Aeneas. When the hero’s foe poses a threat and proves capable of defending himself, we do not feel sorry for his death because the hero obviously must kill to defend his own life. We find comfort in Vergil’s ending by superimposing these interpretations and corrections by Ariosto into The Aeneid. Works Cited Waldman, Guido, trans. Orlando Furioso. By Ludovico Ariosto. New York: Oxford University Press, 1983. Fitzgerald, Robert, trans. The Aeneid. By Vergil. New York: Random House, 1983.   

Five Forces

————————————————- Re:The Cable Industry Conditions Are Ambiguous The cable industry’s conditions are quite ambiguous for new firms thinking to penetrate the market. The cable industry consists of firms that operate in the wired, third party distribution systems for broadcast programming. These cable operators offer television programming from cable networks or local television stations to consumers via cable infrastructure on a subscription basis.It is important to note that the industry is different from satellite providers, Internet service providers, or VoIP services, whose main difference is in infrastructure. Main players in the cable industry operate on a nation-wide basis. The biggest threat to this industry is high barrier to entry. This is due to a number of factors. First, capital requirements are high because infrastructure is costly such as the fiber-opti c lines that have been introduced to offer customers higher-priced, enhanced or bundled services.There is a medium level of industry concentration as the top four companies construct around 55% of the industry overall. Government regulations are also high, since operators must be licensed by the FCC through extensive registration. Thus programming rights, infrastructure investment, and high regulations present significant expenses and hardship for new firms entering. Barriers to entry, unlike all other factors in the five forces model, actually raises profits in a five forces analysis. This is because high barriers to entry prevent firms that could easily come into the market and take away profits.Other forces such as supplier power, buyer power, threat of substitutes, and industry rivalry, have moderate power in this industry. This would usually present a case of relatively lower profits in the industry – however we see that industry profitability is way above the industry a verage. It seems that the established firms in the industry are profitable because there are both high barriers to entry and many firms have consolidated with content suppliers. Thus profitability in this industry is quite ambiguous.

Macbeth Stylistic Devices

A. J. Wronski Shakespear Style Analysis Mr. Mettey English IV December 19, 2012 Macbeth Stylistic Devices In the play Macbeth, William Shakespear uses several stylistic devices. These devices help contribute meaning to the central themes of the play. One of the main devices used by Shakespear to convey the theme, the fall of man, is symbolism. Strange occurences, birds, and blood are all symbols that hlep convey this theme. The first examples of symbolism are the strange occurences after Duncan is murdered. After Duncan is murdered, Ross and the Old Man talk about many strange things that are happening.They talk about how its unusually dark when its daytime and how an owl attacked a falcon. They also talk about how Duncan's horses were acting strange and how they, â€Å"Turned wild in nature, broke their stalls, flung out, Contending ‘gainst obedience†(2. 4. 16-17). The fact that these strange occurrences happen right after Duncan's death means that they could symbolize his death or his downfall which supports the theme of the fall of man. The symbolism of birds also helps convey the theme of the fall of man. Birds are used many times throughout the play as symbols but once in particular before Duncan is murdered.While Lady Macbeth is talking about her thoughts to murder Duncan she says, â€Å"The raven himself is hoarse/ That croaks the fatal entrance of Duncan†(1. 5. 36-37). Ravens are birds that usually symbolize death. This raven symbolizes the death of Duncan that is soon to come which conveys the fall of man as Duncan will soon fall. Blood is also a very strong symbol in this play. After Macbeth kills Duncan, his hands are stained with blood. Lady Macbeth tell him to just wash it off and forget about it but Macbeth can't do that.Macbeth questions if, â€Å"All great Neptune's ocean wash this blood/ clean from my hand†(2. 2. 58-59)? Macbeth is saying that nothing will ever be able to wash away the blood of Duncan off his hands. T his blood symbolizes the strength of Macbeths guilt and hints that that this guilt could possibly be his downfall in the future. The symbolism that Shakespear uses in Macbeth is very strong. Its helps clearly convey the theme of the fall of man. Through the use of the symbols of the strange occurences, birds, and blood the theme of the fall of man is clear throughout the play.

Publius Virgilius Maro Essay

Aside from Christianity there is no other force that shaped Western civilization other than the Greco-Roman culture. And there is no better representation of that period in history other than Rome and Publius Viirgilius Maro, also known as Virgil. A closer examination of Virgil and his works made many to realize that Virgil was a byproduct of events and it is the twin forces of the Roman Empire and Greek history that prompted Virgil to write. This paper will look into the two factors that influenced the writing of Publius Virgilius Maro. This can be done by looking first at the events that transpired before Virgil began writing and this means tracing back Greek and Roman history. The second way of knowing the connection between history and Virgil’s writings is to dig into his works and of course this means analyzing the Aeneid. It will be shown later that it is Roman history and Homer that shaped Virgil to become the writer that he was destined to be. Rome After more than two thousand years the world is still mesmerized by Rome. It is because of its legacy, it military prowess, and form of government. Rome was without equal when it comes to how it help shape Western history. Yet in the early days of Roman history there is not much to see. There is nothing that could make an outsider ascertain its potential to be a dominant ruler of known world in antiquity. Ting Morris traced its early development in obscurity and he remarked, â€Å"Rome began around 2,800 years ago as a few small settlements on wooded hills overlooking the Tiber River† (4). But then Rome began to distance itself from the Latin communities from which it was supposed to be a part of. What happens next began a series of development that will catapult this small community into the world map, â€Å"†¦the roman Republic conquered first Latium, then all of Italy. The Romans annexed much foreign territory to their own state, but they also established a system of alliances with all other states. This gave the Romans a vast reserve of manpower that allowed them to overthrow every major power in the Mediterranean†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Mackay, 40). A new age has come and a new military superpower was born. But when the Romans began to assimilate remnants of Alexander’s Empire, the new European power came face to face with an ancient civilization whose insight into religion, politics, and philosophy was far ahead of its time. In short the Romans, â€Å"†¦ recognized something in Greek culture that was more impressive than anything Rome itself achieved, in spite of Rome’s unprecedented military success† (Cox). At this point Rome was all brute force. Yes the soldiers led by the Caesars were brave, strong and are very eager to make their mark in the battlefield but when it comes to culture, the Romans were barbarians compared to the Greeks. The Romans discovered an effective methodology in fighting wars and they even had the distinct advantage of knowing how to build an empire out of disparate tribes and nations. They were experts in campaigns that require traveling far from home and yet they lack one more thing. They did not have a good system that can be put in place after victory. This is similar to the idea that it is easy to start a war but the more difficult thing to do is how to end it. So when Rome began to feel the success of empire building the more that they felt the need for a way of life that will enhance their reputation in Europe while at the same time offer them an opportunity to enjoy life more. They found the answer from the sophisticated Greeks. Virgil The Romans had to learn from the Greeks and their history can be characterized not only by empire building but also by the why they incorporated Greek thought and the Greek’s way of life into their own unique system. Now there is none better who understood the need for assimilating Greek culture than the Roman intellectuals of that time. In fact, â€Å"Among the adaptors of Greek culture, none was more brilliant †¦ than the poet Virgil. He faced a formidable challenge. Everyone who encountered Greek culture recognized how much it was shaped by Homer† (Cox). This means that there is a great need to surpass Homer and if this is not possible then at least equal Homer’s genius. If this can be achieved then the Romans had done something which other Greek imitators failed to do and that is to provide a great explanation for their existence. A myth has to be created, a legend has to be made and the purpose for such an endeavor is obvious. There is a need for something that will hold the empire together. At the time of writing the Aeneid, Rome was again in the cusp of revolution. Julius Caesar was defeated by Augustus Caesar and so steps must be made to consolidate his power and to strengthen the arm of the new emperor. For a brilliant man like Virgil, times like this one is an opportunity that must be grabbed by both hands. Virgil proceeded to hit two birds with one stone. First he would write an epic that will explain the origins of Rome. He will do so by using stories that are already familiar among the people that he wants to see united under Augustus Caesar and during that time there was no other story quite like the one weaved by Homer centuries before. Virgil saw that epic struggle for good and evil; battles between heroes; and the self-sacrificial behavior of some heroes simply because they believe in something higher than themselves proved to be a formula hard to resist. Virgil was ready to accept the challenge. But it is clear from the beginning that it would not be an easy task. Aside from that Homer is a world unto itself. And as they say there is no way one can improve on perfection, the Iliad and the Odyssey are the blueprints for creating great epics and so what else can be done to make it better. Virgil was able to solve this problem by being inventive and by starting where Homer ended his story. When Troy fell, one of her sons went on to build another kingdom. But then again Virgil cannot escape the past. Virgil could not resist using a successful formula. As they say there is no need to fix what was broken. Judging from the power of the Iliad and the Odyssey to move people it is almost impossible not to use the same method and technique of telling a great story. And so Virgil copied many ideas from Homer. In the introduction to the Aeneid Levi Robert pointed out that: Virgil borrowed from Homer a great many items: his verse form, the division into twelve books, mythology, many episodes and similes. In the Aeneid Venus doubles for Nausicaa, Dido for Calypso and Circe, and Drances for Thersites. The funeral games the desecent into Hades, where Aeneas meets Dido as Odysseus met Ajax, the prophecy of Anchises, the catalogue of ships, Turnus attempt to burn them, a broken truce †¦ a quarrel of two Italian leaders †¦ and a final single combat (Robert, xiii). Aeneid The Aeneid is basically the story of Aeneas, the god-like leader of a band of Trojan refugees fleeing to Italy after the fall of Troy. In the beginning, Aeneas built a fleet with the goal in mind of settling in a foreign land and to finally establish a new nation of Trojans. In Virgil’s mind, he wanted the world to understand the basis for the establishment of the Roman Empire. And there is nothing as perfect as that. Hornstein, Percy and Brown’s book, The Reader’s Companion to World Literature, was very helpful in understanding the context from which Virgil’s Aeneid was written, and they said that it was written at a time of conflict. Italy was ravaged by more than fifty years of revolution and civil war. When the long-sought peace came, a new form of government was fashioned from a battle weary nation. And with the new set-up, ultimate power was in the hands of one man- Augustus Caesar. It was during this time that the Roman Virgil began working on the Aeneid. Hornstein, Brown and Percy wrote: Vergil began the poem in 29 B. C. , two years after the battle of Actium brought this period of civil war to an end. He had long been preparing for the task. His purpose was national: he desired to glorify the Roman people by his theme and exalt the Emperor in the person of his hero. (5) Homer Putnam acknowledge that Virgil is under the towering shadow of Homer when he made this judgment, â€Å"Homer himself, against whose essential insights into humanity, Virgil’s own achievement will always be measured. † Homer’s success allowed him to set the standard upon which others who will come after him will be forced to measure up. Allen Mandelbaum tells of how his previous study prevented him from fully appreciating Virgil’s works and he said, â€Å"One was a tag line of mark Van Doren that echoed through my youth with tenacious resonance: ‘Homer is a world; Virgil, a style’. † It also did not help that the critics saw Virgil as copying Homer, Gaskell said, â€Å"The overall plan of Virgil’s epic was plainly Homeric, with its main elements reversed: now the odyssey of the man comes first and the armed fighting follows it: but the Homeric parallels are many and obvious. † (161). The only major difference was that Homer was illiterate and therefore had to express the beauty of his poetry in oral reform. On the other hand Virgil was literate and he could study Homer’s Iliad and Odyssey in written form as well as compose his own epic and was able to write it down. This explains the difference in style but all the more strengthens the view that Virgil was strongly influenced by Homer. Conclusion Now the pieces of the puzzle begin to fall down into its proper places and one can now see the bigger picture. It was mentioned earlier that it was in 168 BC when the Romans began to conquer the remnants of Alexander’s Empire and it is through the conquest of former Greek states that the Romans saw first hand the beauty that was Greece. In short the highly militaristic Romans lacked the cultural refinements that one can find in abundance in Greek societies. It is through the process of incorporating Greek culture into the Roman’s way of life that they rediscovered the power of Homeric poetry. It took the genius of Virgil to use Homer’s works and use it as the foundation for his own epic. And so in 29 BC Virgil began writing the Aeneid with the purpose of emulating what Homer has achieved in Greece. Homer’s Iliad and Odyssey provided a sense of identity for all Greeks and Virgil was hoping to achieve the same results. But the desire to incorporate Greek life into Roman life is easier said than done. But everyone who will try to copy from someone begins by copying almost everything that one can see and the eye can appreciate. For instance the Romans copied the design of their temples and they also described their gods using the same attributes found in Greek society. But there is no need to worry because the Roman changed the Greek sounding names of their gods into Roman names for their statues. Virgil attempted to accomplish two major things when he wrote the Aeneid. He wanted to impress the new emperor (Augustus Caesar) and secondly he wanted to have a unique Roman epic that will help unite the people. Virgil was successful in achieving both. The hero of the Aeneid was behaving in much the same way as Augustus Caesar especially with regards to his conquest and the subsequent creation of a new nation out of that sheer determination to succeed. Now for the second part, Virgil was also able to create an epic that can be comparable to Homer. It is true that he copied many things from Homer and yet at the same time his stories were never simply a rehash of what Homer did. Virgil simply needed an inspiration to get going and he found it in the character of Aeneas whom Homer briefly mentioned in his work. From this little known character, Aeneid began to build a story that made the peoples pulse to race. It was indeed an epic story of battles, of struggle between good and evil, of heroes who most of the time failed to achieve their potential and sometimes die a tragic death. The Aeneid is basically an explanation as to the existence of Rome. For many there is a need to have that kind of idea, that kind of emotional anchor in times of trouble. And there is no way to fully understand the impact of Aeneid towards the people of Rome. But one thing is sure Virgil’s work was able to unite the whole of the empire and is instrumental as to why the empire endured for so long. It is now very clear that that Virgil was influenced by historical events and the circumstances that surrounded his life. If there were two streams where these influences came from then Homer is a mighty source of inspiration while the politics and warfare in ancient Rome provided Virgil with more materials to use. In Rome’s struggle to carve out a nation in Europe was evident in Aeneid where the hero had to travel and faced with numerous risks just so he can establish a new nation. It was Homer who provided much influence for Virgil. If Homer did not produce the Iliad and Odyssey it is hard to imagine Virgil able to make his own. This is not to take away anything form the accomplishments of Virgil but it would be almost impossible for him to write beautifully without Homer as guide. Homer did not only provide the seed from which Virgil will grow a powerful story, Homer also provided the correct format. And so putting it all together it is now very clear that Virgil was a byproduct of the events that surrounded him. Yet even before he was born, Homer’s influence and genius was already felt in many parts of the Western world. When Virgil was still very young it is easy to imagine that he was already familiar with the Iliad and Odyssey and no doubt the stories found in those epics help to shape the way he thinks. Works Cited Appelbaum, Stanley. Ed. â€Å"The Aeneid by Vergil† Trans. Charles J. Billson. Canada: Dover Publications, 1995. Cox, John. Introduction to Virgil, The Aeneid. 2008. General Education at Hope College. 03 April 2008. < http://www. hope. edu/academic/ids/171/Aeneid. html Gaskell, Philip. Ed. â€Å"Landmarks in Classical Literature† Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, 1999. Hemminger, Bill. Exploring Ancient World Cultures: Rome. 1997. EAWC at University of Evansville. 02 April 2008. < http://eawc. evansville. edu/ropage. htm> Hornstein, L. H. , G. D. Percy, and Calvin S. Brown. Eds. â€Å"The Reader’s Companion to World Literature† New York: Penguin Putnam, Inc. , 1973. Knight, G. R. Wilson. Trans. â€Å"The Aeneid by Virgil† New York: Penguin Putnam, Inc. , 1956. Mackay, Christopher. â€Å"Ancient Rome: A Military and Political History. † New York: Cambridge University Press, 2004. Mandelbaum, Allen. Trans. â€Å"The Aeneid by Virgil† California: University of California Press, 1971. Morford, Mark P. O. and Robert J. Lenardon. â€Å"Classical Mythology† 7th ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 2003. Morris, Ting. â€Å"Ancient Rome. † MN: Smart Apple Media, 2007.

Shaken Baby Syndrome Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Shaken Baby Syndrome - Essay Example Today, SBS is recognised as a form of child abuse through out the world and there are laws to protect the child from SBS. This is a serious problem and it is estimated that about 25% to 30% of infant victims with SBS die from their injuries. It is important to note that nonfatal consequences of SBS include varying degrees of visual, motor and cognitive impairments that will last all through life. Studies have also found that the direct costs of child maltreatment are $24 billion annually while indirect costs often exceed an estimated $69 billion annually in USA (2001) (National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, 2006). It is because of the papers published by John Caffey that SBS is today recognized as a child abuse. Caffey was a radiologist specializing in pediatric cases. Caffey stressed on the point that the multiple limb fractures he observed in babies were the result of abuse. However, it was not until Kempe and his associates at the University of Colorado Medical Center in Denver published their seminal article in 1962 that the theories of Caffey and others began to gain popularity and recognition (Leestma, 2006). In general, the injuries that characterize Shaken Baby Syndrome are intracranial hemorrhage i.e. bleeding in and around the brain; retinal hemorrhage i.e. bleeding in the retina of the eye; and other fractures of the ribs and at the ends of the long bones. The impact trauma may add on to the injuries such as bruises, lacerations or other fractures (Sirotnak, et al., 2004). Shaken Baby Syndrome predominantly occurs in infants less than one year of age. These infants below the age of one are susceptible because of their relatively large sized heads, heavy brains and weak neck muscles. The violent shaking of an infant causes the shearing of blood vessels around the brain and subdural haematoma causing irreversible damage to the nerve cells. As a result of these injuries, brain swelling and a lack of blood and oxygen may result, producing further damage to the infant's brain and other parts of the body. It is usually the parent or the caregiver who is involved in violently shaking an infant that may result in SBS and most of the experts believe that the reasons for this violent act are common in most of the cases such as frequent crying and toileting behavior. The new parents find it difficult to cope with certain behaviors of their new born child and in such cases the crying baby can become the trigger for frustration of parent or caregiver and may result in violent shaking of the baby. Since the time it is recognized as child abuse, several measures have been taken for the prevention of SBS. Additionally, the identification, evaluation, investigation, management and prevention of SBS require a multidisciplinary approach. It also relies on the knowledge, skills, mandate and jurisdictional responsibilities of key disciplines. It is important for physicians, nurses, and other health care providers to provide adequate information on SBS to the parents and other caregivers. There is also a need for shared commitment and coordination among health, child welfare, police, social services, justice and education professionals, as well as the community at large. Shaking a child violently is considered as child abuse and a criminal assault. For this purpose, several states in USA have passed bills and in most of these places the legal implications of SBS involve child welfare and criminal investigations. These